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Saturday, 13 February 2016

Clindamycin phosphate : Commonly used drugs in Emergency & ICU





Clindamycin phosphate
Trade name: Dalacin
Class: antibiotic, clindamycin
Pregnancy: (Category B)
Action: suppress protein synthesis by microorganisms by binding to ribosomes. It is both bacteriostatic & bactericidal.
Uses:
      Serious respiratory tract infections. (lung abscess, pneumonia).
      Serious skin infections.
      Septicemia.
      Osteomyelitis caused by staphylococci.
      Used topically for inflammatory acne vulgaris .
Dose    : by mouth, 150–300 mg every 6 hours; up to 450 mg every 6 hours in severe infections;
CHILD, 3–6 mg/kg every 6 hours
N.B
Patients should discontinue immediately and contact doctor if diarrhea develops; capsules should be swallowed with a glass of water.
By deep intramuscular injection or by intravenous infusion, 0.6–2.7 g daily (in 2–4 divided doses); life-threatening infection, up to 4.8 g daily; single doses above 600 mg by intravenous infusion only; single doses by intravenous infusion not to exceed 1.2 g
CHILD over 1 month, 15–40 mg/kg daily in 3–4 divided doses; severe infections, at least 300 mg daily regardless of weight.
Contraindications:
        Hypersensitivity
        Minor bacterial infections.
        Pregnancy.
Side effects:
        Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, tenesmus.
        Loss of weight, pseudo membranous colitis, skin rashes.
        Hypotension.
        Thrombophlebitis following I.V. use.
Nursing considerations:
        Give parenteral drug to hospitalized client only.
        Dilute I.V. injections. If I.M., inject medication deeply.
        Don’t refrigerate solution (because it becomes thick) .
        Before use, take full history & not signs of allergy.
        Be prepared to manage colitis which can occur 2-9 days or several weeks after initiation of therapy. Which includes: fluids, electrolytes, Protein supplement, corticosteroids, and Vancomycin (as ordered).
        During I.V. administration, observe for signs of hypotension.
Administer only on an empty stomach. (With a full glass of water to prevent esophageal ulceration).
Item Reviewed: Clindamycin phosphate : Commonly used drugs in Emergency & ICU Rating: 5 Reviewed By: Dr.MosabNajjar