Phenobarpitol
Trade names: Luminal
Class: sedative- anticonvulsant- barbiturate.
Pregnancy: (Category D)
Action:
ý Long-acting barbiturate- act as a sedative- hypnotic and
anticonvulsant by producing CNS depression.
ý It increase the inhibitory activity of the on nerve synapses.
Uses:
§ Preanasthetic medication.
§ Sedation
§ Hypnotic
§ Epilepsy
§ in tetanus & eclampsia ( as anticonvulsant) .
Dose:
by mouth, 60–180 mg at night; CHILD 5–8 mg/kg
daily
Control of acute
seizures, by intramuscular injection, 200 mg, repeated after 6 hours if
necessary; CHILD 15 mg/kg as a single dose
Status epilepticus, by intravenous injection
(dilute injection 1 in 10 with water for injections), 10 mg/kg at a rate of not
more than 100 mg/minute; max. 1 g Contraindications:
Hypersensitivity.
Side effects:
§ Headache,
§ fever,
§ megaloblastic anemia,
§ dizziness,
§ hypotension,
§ nausea,
and
§ vomiting epigastric pain.
Treatment
of overdose toxicity:
Maintain & assist respiration as
indicated.
Support circulation by vasopressor & I.V.
fluids as required.
Aspirate stomach content, take care to avoid
pulmonary aspiration. Diuretics may be given as ordered. Intake & output measurement. Dialysis if indicated.
Nursing
considerations:
1- If given I.V, closely monitor the rate of flow. Rapid
administration may lead to respiratory depression.
2- Monitor the site of I.V. for soft of extravasation which cause
sever pain, nerve damage & necrosis.
3- Avoid the use of alcoholic beverages.
4- Instruct the client not to drive a car or operate other
hazardous machinery after taking the medication .
5- Take the medication only as prescribed.
6- If used for hypnotic effect, give ½ hr before bedtime.
7- Teach patient about sings and symptoms of toxicity, and instruct
patient to report them to treating physician.
8- If taken for 8 weeks or
more, instruct patient not to stop it suddenly to avoid withdrawal symptoms as
convulsion.
9- Keep the drug out of reach of the children.
